What is the cause of abstinence syndrome?

Abstinence syndrome, often referred to as withdrawal syndrome, occurs when a person who has developed a physical dependency on a substance, such as opioids, suddenly stops using that substance. The body has adapted to the presence of the substance, and when it is no longer available, a range of withdrawal symptoms can develop as the body readjusts to functioning without it. These symptoms can include physical signs such as nausea, sweating, anxiety, agitation, and muscle pain.

The abrupt cessation of opioids leads to a rebound effect on the nervous system, which may have become reliant on the drug to regulate certain functions. Understanding the physiological changes that occur with dependency highlights the importance of tapering off substances like opioids under medical supervision to minimize withdrawal symptoms and complications.

The other options do not relate to the direct physiological response seen in abstinence syndrome. While excessive physical activity, lack of proper nutrition, and mental health issues can impact a person's overall well-being, they do not directly cause abstinence syndrome. Instead, the primary factor in the development of this syndrome is the sudden withdrawal of substances from the body after dependence has formed.