What does the black box warning for celecoxib include?

The black box warning for celecoxib primarily addresses the increased risk of serious cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the use of this medication. Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is known to pose these risks, especially when used at high doses or for prolonged periods.

The cardiovascular risk highlights the potential for events such as heart attack or stroke, particularly in patients with existing heart conditions or those who may be predisposed to such issues. The gastrointestinal bleeding risk is significant as it can lead to severe complications, including ulceration and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, which can occur without warning and may be fatal.

These warnings are intended to alert healthcare providers and patients to the serious nature of these potential side effects, guiding them in monitoring for signs of cardiovascular distress or gastrointestinal issues while using the medication. Other options mention side effects and risks that are not highlighted in the black box warning specifically for celecoxib, thereby underscoring the critical nature of understanding the designated warnings associated with this particular drug.